The “Webdriver” module of Selenium is most important because it will control the browser. To control the browsers there are certain requirements and these requirements have been set in the form of. As with every “web scraping with Selenium” tutorial, you have to download the appropriate driver to interface with the browser you’re going to use for scraping. Since we’re using Chrome, download the driver for the version of Chrome you’re using. The next step is to add it to the system path. Selenium can be classified as the automation tool that facilitates scraping of information from the HTML web pages to perform web scraping utilizing google chrome. The scraping on the internet should be performed carefully. It is normally against the terms of the website to scrape out information.
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Beginner's guide to web scraping with python's selenium
In the first part of this series, we introduced ourselves to the concept of web scraping using two python libraries to achieve this task. Namely, requests and BeautifulSoup. The results were then stored in a JSON file. In this walkthrough, we'll tackle web scraping with a slightly different approach using the selenium python library. We'll then store the results in a CSV file using the pandas library.
The code used in this example is on github.
Why use selenium
Selenium is a framework which is designed to automate test for web applications.You can then write a python script to control the browser interactions automatically such as link clicks and form submissions. However, in addition to all this selenium comes in handy when we want to scrape data from javascript generated content from a webpage. That is when the data shows up after many ajax requests. Nonetheless, both BeautifulSoup and scrapy are perfectly capable of extracting data from a webpage. The choice of library boils down to how the data in that particular webpage is rendered.
Other problems one might encounter while web scraping is the possibility of your IP address being blacklisted. I partnered with scraper API, a startup specializing in strategies that'll ease the worry of your IP address from being blocked while web scraping. They utilize IP rotation so you can avoid detection. Boasting over 20 million IP addresses and unlimited bandwidth.
In addition to this, they provide CAPTCHA handling for you as well as enabling a headless browser so that you'll appear to be a real user and not get detected as a web scraper. For more on its usage, check out my post on web scraping with scrapy. Although you can use it with both BeautifulSoup and selenium.
If you want more info as well as an intro the scrapy library check out my post on the topic.
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For additional resources to understand the selenium library and best practices, this article by towards datascience and accordbox.
Setting up
We'll be using two python libraries. selenium and pandas. To install them simply run pip install selenium pandas
In addition to this, you'll need a browser driver to simulate browser sessions.Since I am on chrome, we'll be using that for the walkthrough.
Driver downloads
- Chrome.
Getting started
For this example, we'll be extracting data from quotes to scrape which is specifically made to practise web scraping on.We'll then extract all the quotes and their authors and store them in a CSV file.
The code above is an import of the chrome driver and pandas libraries.We then make an instance of chrome by using driver = Chrome(webdriver)Note that the webdriver variable will point to the driver executable we downloaded previously for our browser of choice. If you happen to prefer firefox, import like so
Main script
On close inspection of the sites URL, we'll notice that the pagination URL isHttp://quotes.toscrape.com/js/page/{{current_page_number}}/
where the last part is the current page number. Armed with this information, we can proceed to make a page variable to store the exact number of web pages to scrape data from. In this instance, we'll be extracting data from just 10 web pages in an iterative manner.
The driver.get(url) command makes an HTTP get request to our desired webpage.From here, it's important to know the exact number of items to extract from the webpage.From our previous walkthrough, we defined web scraping as
This is the process of extracting information from a webpage by taking advantage of patterns in the web page's underlying code.
We can use web scraping to gather unstructured data from the internet, process it and store it in a structured format.
On inspecting each quote element, we observe that each quote is enclosed within a div with the class name of quote. By running the directive driver.get_elements_by_class('quote')we get a list of all elements within the page exhibiting this pattern.
Final step
To begin extracting the information from the webpages, we'll take advantage of the aforementioned patterns in the web pages underlying code.
Selenium Web Scraper
We'll start by iterating over the quote elements, this allows us to go over each quote and extract a specific record.From the picture above we notice that the quote is enclosed within a span of class text and the author within the small tag with a class name of author.
Finally, we store the quote_text and author names variables in a tuple which we proceed to append to the python list by the name total.
Using the pandas library, we'll initiate a dataframe to store all the records(total list) and specify the column names as quote and author.Finally, export the dataframe to a CSV file which we named quoted.csv in this case.
Don't forget to close the chrome driver using driver.close().
Adittional resources
1. finding elements
You'll notice that I used the find_elements_by_class method in this walkthrough. This is not the only way to find elements. This tutorial by Klaus explains in detail how to use other selectors.
Selenium Web Scraping Java
2. Video
If you prefer to learn using videos this series by Lucid programming was very useful to me.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjo9yFHoUl8
3. Best practises while using selenium
4. Toptal's guide to modern web scraping with selenium
And with that, hopefully, you too can make a simple web scraper using selenium 😎.
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Scraping With Selenium
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